Some IDS products have the ability to respond to detected intrusions. Another common variant is reputation-based detection (recognizing the potential threat according to the reputation scores). The most well-known variants are signature-based detection (recognizing bad patterns, such as malware) and anomaly-based detection (detecting deviations from a model of "good" traffic, which often relies on machine learning). It is also possible to classify IDS by detection approach.
A system that monitors important operating system files is an example of an HIDS, while a system that analyzes incoming network traffic is an example of an NIDS. The most common classifications are network intrusion detection systems ( NIDS) and host-based intrusion detection systems ( HIDS). IDS types range in scope from single computers to large networks. A SIEM system combines outputs from multiple sources and uses alarm filtering techniques to distinguish malicious activity from false alarms. Any intrusion activity or violation is typically reported either to an administrator or collected centrally using a security information and event management (SIEM) system.
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